Please do not add spoily information here. This includes any mention of specific artifacts, pros and cons, etc. That type of information should be posted in the appropriate subpage of Spoilers/Artifacts. Thank you!
If you find an item which Spoilers/Pseudo IDs as Special, then congratulations. You have found an artifact!
An artifact is a unique item, often very powerful. It cannot be destroyed, though you can potentially lose or get rid of it via accident or intent.
There are three basic types of artifact:
Known Artifact aka Trueart
Random Artifact aka Randart
Junk Artifact aka Junkart
Any of these may be found on a dungeon floor, in the remains of a monster, or in a treasure chest. A quest might be rewarded by an artifact or a randart, but not by a junkart. All can be quite powerful.
A Fixed Artifact might be either a Known Artifact or a Random Artifact; see below for more information.
Known Artifacts
Artifacts are created just like other items, though their creation can be affected by the PreserveMode option in CharacterCreation.
A subset of Artifacts are Fixed Artifacts, which are only found under certain circumstances, such as the completion of a Fixed Quest or killing a certain unique.
If you wish to be spoiled about known artifacts, investigate /lib/file/a_info.raw in the game itself, or read the Artifact list.
Random Artifacts
Random artifacts are just that: rolled up by the RNG with random properties. They have names just like standard artifacts.
Some random artifacts are Fixed Artifacts, which are only found under certain circumstances, such as the completion of a Fixed Quest or killing a unique. A subset of these are randarts which have fixed names but random properties.
Read the spoily Best Random Artifacts to see and/or brag about extremely good randarts.
Junk Artifacts
You may find an artifact with an odd name such as a Red Tome, a Voodoo Doll, etc., that cannot be wielded even though it does have an activation. It will not be listed in the known artifact list. The text symbol used to display this type of artifact is a coloured tilde (~), which is commonly used for junk. This is a junk artifact, or a junkart.
It would probably be wise for this kind of artifact to be *identified* before use, as the activation can potentially be very nasty.
To activate it, use the normal Activation command, but when prompted for which item to activate, change to your inventory via the '/' command to access your backpack.
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